2. Nowadays, even smart phones have their own unique operating systems. Draw a table of comparison between the two most popular OS in smart phones, which are Android and Windows 8.

OPERATING SYSTEM	ANDROID
Programming Platform	Android is Linux based operating system designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. The programming language used is C,C++ and Java.
User Interface	Android is an app-centric ,the home screen is simple and stripped down. All the app icons can be moved or deleted except dialer  ,application tray and web app. There are four hard button for each menu  , homescreen ,returning back and search. Overall the interface is simple and straight forward. A little rough on the edges.
Apps Openness	Android’s got an estimated apps of 100,000. Google has designed Android to be as open as possible. Open Android market can let you download with less restrictive policy.
Updates	Google provide major updates to Android every six to nine months which most device are capable of receiving over the air. The latest major updates is the android 4.2 jelly bean . Porting android to specific hardware is a time and resource consuming process for device manufacturers ;hence ,old  smartphones are not frequently updated.
Security and Privacy	Android application runs in a sandbox , an isolated area of the system that does not have access to the rest of the system’s resources ,unless an access permissions are explicitly granted by the user when the application is installed. This lessens impact the vulnerabilities and bugs but routinely requesting unnecessary permissions ,reducing its effectiveness
Web Browsers	Android ships with Google Chrome as its default web browsers and loaded with several browsing features and security.
Performance	Android has better synchronization with touch input, increase frame rates with multiple home screens. It also equipped with Google cloud messaging.
Features	Android OS providing multitasking features , custom pattern to unlock ,flash support ,multitude of different keyboards ,custom ROM installation and many downloadable features.
Versions Available	*4.2.x – Jelly Bean *4.1.x – Jelly Bean *4.0.3 – 4.0.4 – Ice Cream Sandwich * 3.2 – Honeycomb * 3.1 – Honeycomb * 2.3.3-2.3.7 – Gingerbread *2.3-2.3.2 – Gingerbread * 2.2 – Froyo *2.0-2.1 – Eclair *1.6 – Donut

SCL: 3: 1. List down all the operating system used in a desktop/laptop today and find good descriptions of how operating systems work? Hence, state their advantages and disadvantages.

The operating system that usually used in a dekstop/laptop today are:

Windows 7

How it work :

          Windows 7 was intended to be more focused incremental upgrade to the windows line, with the goal of being fully compatible with applications and hardware with which windows vista is already compatible. For example, one of the features of windows 7 is jumplist. Jumplist gives the option to view a list of recently accessed files by application is not open, by right clicking on the application’s icon in the taskbar. it is also allow to quickly accesed a favourite playlist without opening media player.

Advantages and disadvantages :

Advantages	Disadvantages
Windows 7 is faster than its predecessors, both in terms of installation and boot up time	It is expensive than the previous Microsoft operating systems.
WordPad in Windows 7 has improved much better and look similar to the Microsoft Office Word. It can be used to open, edit file names with docx extension which was earlier introduced with MS-Office 2007. Word prediction is the new feature in Word Pad. Realistic brush has been added in Paint.	some of the features like Start Menu user interface, Windows Ultimate Extras, InkBall, Windows Photo Gallery, Windows Movie Maker, Windows Calendar Windows Mail called Windows Live Essentials were included in Vista are removed in Windows 7.
Windows 7 supports Virtual Hard Disks with the support of enhanced performances of multi core processors.	some of the users have problems such as; their system hangs after installing Windows 7
. Windows 7 supports Virtual Hard Disks with the support of enhanced performances of multi core processors.	users have problems such as; their system hangs after installing Windows 7

2. Discuss different types of threats and malicious program (malware) that can damage a computer, mobile device or disrupt any system. Search for information on current known malware program. Based on the information that you have found, create a table to list different types of malware, what it does, and how it can be repaired or removed. These information is useful for you to prevent any malware from damage your computer system.

Type of Malware		Effect	Ways to treat it
Phishing		The phishing scam masquerades as a legitimate website or link to a site, but what it’s really trying to do is “fish” for information. By fooling you into thinking that you’re visiting your bank or a shopping or government website, the scam gets you to divulge personal or financial information, which the Bad Guys then exploit.	*  Check e-mail address from sender.               *Don’t not open e-mail from an unknown sender.                 *Mark it as spam.
Spyware		Like its name says, spyware monitors your movements on the Internet, sending information back to a central computer that then targets you with advertising. It sounds okay, but the category has broadened to include programs you download to your computer that monitor your activities to the point that your computer slows down to a useless state. Further, the spyware itself becomes nearly impossible to remove.	* Disconnect from the internet.                 *Scan the computer.              *Uninstall unwanted software.
Trojan Horse		The Trojan program is malware that masquerades as a legitimate  program. The program may have a legitimate function, but it carries ulterior motives. Trojans can delete data, compromise security, relay spam or porn, and otherwise infect your computer.	*  Reboot the computer.              *Start with safe mode.               *Install an original anti-virus.              *Scan computer and remove virus.
Virus		Like its living counterpart, a computer virus infects your computer, taking control over some or all of its functions. The virus destroys data or looks for things like passwords, credit card numbers, or other sensitive data. This information is often sent to another computer. A virus can also use your computer to relay spam email or pornography or to coordinate attacks against websites on the Internet.	*Scan computer with anti-virus software.                 *Reboot computer.               *Remove
Worm		Officially, a worm is a virus that replicates itself over a network. Worms often arrive via email, peruse your address book, and then send a copy of themselves to others in your address book, masquerading the message as though it’s from you. Worms are used to deliver viruses, or the worm itself might be a virus, because the terms are interchangeable.	* Disconnect from internet.             *Best to format the computer.

SCL 2: 1. What is open source software? In your opinion, why people prefer open source software over proprietary alternatives nowadays? Name top (fives) 5 most popular open source software and compare them with similar proprietary software (e.g. Open Office versus Microsoft Office).

COMPUTER SOFTWARE

1. What is open software?

Open-source software (OSS) is computer software with its  source  code made available to programmers who want to modify and improve the software  and  licensed.  

2. Why people prefer open source software over proprietary software?

People prefer open source software over proprietary alternatives because   the  software can be used in any way and for any legal purposes and there is no restriction in a unilateral way on how the software could be used. People have more control over that kind of software. They can examine the code to make sure it’s not doing anything they don’t want it to do, and they can change parts of it they don’t’ like. Users who aren’t programmers also benefit from open source software, because they can use this software for any purpose they wish-not merely the way someone else thinks they should. Some people prefer open source software because they consider it more secure and stable than proprietary software. Because anyone can view and modify open source software, someone might spot and correct errors or omissions that a program's original authors might have missed. Many users prefer open source software to proprietary software for important, long-term projects. Because the source code for open source software is distributed publicly, users that rely on software for critical tasks can be sure their tools won’t disappear or fall into disrepair if their original creators stop working on them.

The top 5 most popular open source software:

1.   Open Office

2.    Linux

3.    PDF
4.    Mozilla Firefox

5.    GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program)

OPEN SOURCE		TYPE OF SOFTWARE		PROPRIETARY  SOFTWARE
Open Office : ü  Free to download and install. ü  Bug reporting. ü  Updates as the developers fix bugs and add new features. ü  More compatible. ü  Able to save files into PDF format without additional software or plug-ins. ü  Able to open new files from any of the Open Office programs.		Office Suite		Microsoft Office : ü  Commonly use word processor. ü  Variety of functions available. ü  No corrupt and Auto recovery features.
LINUX : ü  Its  not   that hard to use. ü  Less viruses. ü  No crashes. ü  Can get help support on online. ü  Free software. ü  Runs on old machines.		OPERATING SYSTEM		Microsoft Windows : ü  Easy to use. ü  Available software. ü  Backwards compatibility. ü  Support for new hardware. ü  The competition in the area Plug & Play support for PC hardware. ü  A plethora of gaming titles are available for Windows. ü  Compatibility with MS driven websites .
SAMBA : ü  Free. ü  Open source. ü  Portable across multiple platforms. ü  Allows for easier networking of Windows workstations to computers running other platforms.		FILE AND PRINT SERVER		PDF : ü  Standard for sharing documents electronically. ü  Free. ü  The file is viewable of virtually any screen and printable on virtually any printer. ü  Can be used for any page size.
MOZILLA FIREFOX : ü  Ability to add certain features to the browser using the Plug-in. ü  Fast web page downloads. ü  Safe browsing. ü  Multi-tab feature. ü Private browsing.		WEB BROWSER		INTERNET EXPLORER: ü  Comes installed on computer. ü  Faster with Windows computers because it is integrated. ü  Some websites can only be used with Internet Explorer. ü  Universal. ü Some applications are optimized for IE.
GIMP : ü  Free. ü  Powerful and versatile. ü  Can open Photoshop files in GIMP. ü  Compatible with most operating system. ü  Support is easy available. ü  Easiest way to learn for beginners. ü  Easy to learn with video tutorials.	IMAGE EDITOR		ADOBE PHOTOSHOP: ü    Friendly interface. ü  High – tech coding ü  Huge numbers of features. ü  Adobe products are transferable between the different programs in its Creative Suite. ü  Amount of free education and support is available online.